![]() 3 Standard precautions are the primary strategies for preventing infection transmission and apply to contact with blood, bodily fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes, as well as contact with equipment or surfaces contaminated with potentially infectious materials. The health care team member should apply standard precautions when caring for all patients regardless of risk or presumed infection status ( Box 1). Standard precautions, or tier one precautions, assume that every patient is potentially infected or colonized with an organism that could be transmitted in the health care setting. ![]() Organizations should modify the recommendations based on their specific needs and as dictated by federal, state, or local regulations. Published guidelines for isolation precautions contain recommendations based on current epidemiologic information regarding disease transmission in health care settings. Increased attention to the prevention of blood-borne pathogens and airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis (TB), has led to the stressed importance of barrier protection by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Health care team members should evaluate the need for barrier precautions for each planned task and for each patient, regardless of the patient’s diagnosis. Isolation or barrier precautions include the appropriate use of PPE, such as a gown, mask, eye protection, and gloves. Body substances (e.g., feces, urine, mucus, wound drainage) contain potentially infectious organisms. When a patient has a known or suspected source of colonization or infection, health care team members must follow specific infection prevention and control practices to reduce the risk of cross-contamination to other patients and health care team members. Perform hand hygiene with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) immediately after removing all PPE. ![]() Place patients who require airborne isolation in a negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room (AIIR). ![]() Isolation Precautions: Personal Protective Equipment (Ambulatory) - CE ALERTĭon appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the patient’s signs and symptoms and indications for isolation precautions. ![]()
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